Pneumonia
WhWhat is Pneumonia?
- Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by various types of disease-causing organisms. Symptoms often include fever, cough, rapid or labored breathing, and loss of appetite. Pneumonia generally clears up quickly with antibiotics and does not typically recur.
When Does Pneumonia Require Further Investigation?
- If a child experiences repeated episodes of pneumonia, or if a single episode does not resolve, it may indicate an underlying condition. In such cases, further evaluation is essential.
What Causes Recurrent or Persistent Pneumonia?
Some common conditions linked to recurrent or persistent pneumonia include:
- Tuberculosis
- Cystic fibrosis
- Immune system disorders
- Congenital heart defects
- Recurrent aspiration
- Bronchiectasis
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Foreign body in the airway
- Asthma
- Abnormal airway anatomy (such as tracheomalacia, bronchomalacia)
How Is a Child with Recurrent or Persistent Pneumonia Evaluated?
Evaluation begins with a detailed history and physical examination. All previous chest X-rays will be reviewed, and a new chest X-ray may be taken if needed. Investigations are individualized based on the child’s history, examination findings, and any existing records or X-rays.
Further tests that may be considered include:
- Chest CT scan
- Flexible bronchoscopy
- Gastroesophageal reflux studies
- Sweat chloride test
- Swallow study
In some cases, blood tests to assess for immune deficiencies may also be required.
